33^rd Experts Meet On Cancer Research & Therapy

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer. The immune system helps your body fight infections and other diseases. It is made up of white blood cells and organs and tissues of the lymph system.

Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy. Biological therapy is a type of treatment that uses substances made from living organisms to treat cancer.

Cancer immunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biology that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer; the most well known application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilises the immune system as a treatment for cancer.

Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. At low doses, radiation is used in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth or broken bones.

Cancer can occur anywhere in the body. The most common sites of cancer among men include lung, prostate, colon, rectum, stomach and liver. And those for among women are breast, colon, rectum, lung, cervix and stomach. Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision, cancers can additionally be classified by the type of cell that the tumour cells originated from. The type of cancer a person has needed to be known properly as different types of cancer can behave very differently and respond to different treatments.

Below are the major types of Cancer:

• Breast Cancer
• Gastrointestinal Cancer
• Gynaecologic Cancers -Cervical Cancer
• Uterus Cancer
• Ovarian Cancer

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. Cancer starts when cells begin to grow out of control. To learn more about how cancers start and spread Breast cancer cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump. Breast cancer occurs almost entirely in women

Breast cancer is a malignant growth that creates from bosom tissue. Indications of bosom disease might remember a bump for the bosom, an adjustment of bosom shape, dimpling of the skin, liquid coming from the areola, a recently transformed areola, or a red or layered fix of skin. For those with far off the spread of the illness, there might be bone agony, enlarged lymph hubs, windedness, or yellow skin.

Hazard factors for creating bosom disease incorporate being female, stoutness, an absence of actual exercise, liquor abuse, chemical substitution treatment during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first period, having kids late throughout everyday life or not in any manner, more seasoned age, having an earlier history of bosom malignant growth, and a family background of bosom malignant growth. Around 510% of cases are the aftereffect of a hereditary inclination acquired from an individual's folks, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer disease is most usually created in cells from the covering of milk channels and the lobules that supply these pipes with milk. Tumors created from the channels are known as ductal carcinomas, while those created from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. There are in excess of 18 other sub-sorts of bosom malignant growth. A few, for example, ductal carcinoma in situ, create from pre-obtrusive sores. The determination of bosom malignant growth is affirmed by taking a biopsy of the unsettling tissue. When the determination is made, further tests are done to decide whether the malignant growth has spread past the bosom and which medicines are probably going to be compelling.

A cancer biomarker refers to a substance or process that is indicative of the presence of cancer in the body. A biomarker may be a molecule secreted by a tumour or a specific response of the body to the presence of cancer. Genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, glycomic, and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. While some cancer biomarkers can be used to predict how aggressively your cancer will grow, and are therefore useful for assessing your prognosis, the most promising use of biomarkers today is to identify which therapies a patient’s  Risk assessment, Diagnosis

• Biomarkers in Cancer Medicine
• Biomarkers in Medicine
• Biomarkers in Cancer Research
• Companion Biomarker

Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide.

Genes carry the instructions to make proteins, which do much of the work in our cells. Certain gene changes can cause cells to evade normal growth controls and become cancer. For example, some cancer-causing gene changes increase production of a protein that makes cells grow. Others result in the production of a misshapen, and therefore nonfunctional, form of a protein that normally repairs cellular damage.

Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.

Cancer that spreads to the liver is more common than cancer that begins in the liver cells. Cancer that begins in another area of the body — such as the colon, lung or breast — and then spreads to the liver is called metastatic cancer rather than liver cancer. This type of cancer is named after the organ in which it began — such as metastatic colon cancer to describe cancer that begins in the colon and spreads to the liver.

Cancer pharmacology plays a key role in drug development. In both the laboratory and the clinic, cancer pharmacology has had to adapt to the changing face of drug development by establishing experimental models and target orientated approaches. It also focuses on developing experimental approaches to the clinical treatment of cancer through research that bridges the fields of molecular carcinogenesis, biochemical pharmacology, radiation biology, and clinical pharmacology. It generally involves the pharmacological and oncological aspects of drugs at both

• Clinical Toxicology
• Pharmacokinetic
• Pharmacodynamics
• Drug interactions
• Cancer Drug Targets

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent, or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms.

• Treatment strategies
• Adverse effects
• Limitations
• Cancer Therapeutics, Novel and experimental approaches

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Different cancers affecting different parts of the body e.g. breast, prostate, lungs, blood cells (leukaemia) or other organs behave in different manner, are of different grades and cellular type, respond differently to treatment and have different set of effective treatment regimen. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer. Within oncology there are several sub-specialities that deal with different types of cancer.

• Medical Oncology
• Uro-Oncology
• Neuro-oncology
• Clinical Oncology
• Hematologic Oncology

Precision medicine is the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient and his or her disease. Moreover, through the precision medicine approach, the treatment of each patient can be focused on drugs most likely to benefit him or her, sparing the patient the cost and potential harmful side effects from drugs that are unlikely to be beneficial. Oncology has been leading precision medicine efforts largely because of our immense knowledge of the role of genetic mutations in the development and progression of cancer. Precision medicine enables to approach detection, diagnosis and treatment in an in-depth way to determine how a cancer develops, grows and spreads.

• Physiology & Cancer History
• Identifying Risk Factors
• Cancer Genomics & Biologic Factors
• Targeted Agents & Conventional Treatment
• New Genotyping Technologies

Cancer Epidemiology includes the study of the factors affecting cancer, to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. It can be used to identify events that increase or decrease cancer incidence in specific populations. The studies related to population-based research on cancer etiology, prevention, surveillance and survivorship, analytical, and molecular epidemiology, survivorship studies, risk factors, as well as the role of behavioural factors in cancer etiology and prevention are also included.

• Cancer Etiology
• Health Disparities
• Genetic and molecular epidemiology
• Environmental Carcinogens
• Gene-Environment Interactions

Cancer can be treated by different processes. The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient). Many experimental cancer treatments are also under development. Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. You may also have immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormone therapy.

• Radiation Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Stem Cell Therapy
• Cancer Surgery
• Precision Medicine

Alternative cancer treatments may not play a direct role in curing your cancer, but they may help you cope with signs and symptoms caused by cancer and cancer treatments. CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care. Integrating the best of evidence-based complementary and alternative cancer treatments with the treatments you receive from your doctor may help relieve many of the symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment.

• Ayurveda
• Reflexology
• Art & Music Therapy
• Homeopathic Medicines

Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer. Most of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors, and many, but not all, of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. An individual's risk of developing cancer can be substantially reduced by healthy behaviour. Cancer Prevention Research comprises preclinical, clinical and translational research, with special attention given to molecular discoveries and an emphasis on building a translational bridge between the basic and clinical sciences.

• Changing Lifestyle Choices
• Preclinical & Clinical Research
• Early Detection Research
• Immunoprevention